Type Conversion in Python
In Python, explicit conversion of a value from one data type to another that is called Type Casting.
In Python, implicit conversion of data types during compilation or run-time that is called Type Coercion.
| Function | Description |
| int(x) | It converts x to an integer |
| long(x) | It converts x to a long integer |
| float(x) | It converts x to a floating point number |
| str(x) | It converts x to a string |
| tuple(x) | It converts x to a tuple |
| list(x) | It converts x to a list |
| set(x) | It converts x to a set |
| ord(x) | It converts a single character to its integer value |
| oct(x) | It converts an integer to an octal string |
| hex(x) | It converts an integer to a hexadecimal string |
| chr(x) | It converts an integer to a character |
| unichr(x) | It converts an integer to a Unicode character |
| dict(x) | It converts a dictionary if x forms a key-value pair |
However, before using type conversions to convert a floating-point number into an integer number, remember that int() converts a float to an int by truncation and not by rounding to the nearest whole number. The round() works more appropriately by rounding a floating-point number to the nearest integer as shown below:
Example:
>>> int(5.75)
Output:
5
Another Example:
>>> round(5.75)
Output:
6
The round() can even take a second optional argument which is usually a number that indicates the number of places of precision to which the first argument should be rounded.
Example:
>>> round(98.567852)
Output:
99